Manual Thermometers
Mercury, non-mercury (liquid in glass), or bimetallic thermometers with analog displays, for general and application-specific use, with various temperature-range capacities and accuracies; may be traceable or certified to international standards.
In 1714, the mercury-in-glass thermometer was invented in Europe by physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. Typically, the mercury is contained in a reservoir that opens to narrow glass tube. The distance that the mercury flows into the tube is dependent on the temperature to which the thermometer is subjected. The space above the mercury may be filled with air or an inert gas, or it may be a partial vacuum.
Thermometers are calibrated by exposing them to a known temperature and then marking the height of the mercury at that temperature. For example, one might calibrate to the freezing temperature of water (0°C or 32°F) by placing the thermometer in a mixture of ice and water. Then the thermometer could be submerged in boiling water to determine the point where the water changes from a liquid to a vapor (100°C or 212°F).
Mercury thermometers are still considered to be some of the most accurate temperature indicators. They can be used for a wide range of temperatures, from -37°C to 356°C (-35°F to 673°F). Modifications such as adding an inert gas above the mercury or replacing the glass with fused quartz can extend the upper temperature limit to as high as 800°C (1,470°F).
Mercury cannot be used below -38.83°C (-37.89°F), the temperature at which it becomes a solid. Moreover, nitrogen in the thermometer can flow down into the column and become trapped if the mercury solidifies, which makes the thermometer unusable. Use a thermometer that contains a mercury-thallium alloy for measuring lower meteorological temperatures – it will remain liquid to -61.1°C (-78.0°F).
Fisherbrand™ General Purpose Liquid-in-Glass Total Immersion Thermometers: Red Organic Fill
Contains red organic liquid against white back glass.
Fisherbrand™ Ever-Safe™ Pocket Thermometers
Filled with environmentally safe blue isoamyl benzoate
Fisherbrand™ Engraved-Stem Mercury Laboratory Thermometers
For general testing and laboratory procedures where an ASTM™ or similar thermometer is not required
Fisherbrand™ Pocket Closed Metal Case Liquid-In-Glass Thermometers
To verify sample temperatures in freezers, refrigerators, incubators and ovens with traceability to NIST.
Fisherbrand™ Red-Spirit™ Fractional-Degree Thermometers
Partial-immersion thermometers
H-B Instrument™ General Purpose Liquid-in-Glass Total Immersion Thermometers
These Liquid-in-Glass Total Immersion Thermometers are ideal for general use in chemical laboratories, universities, scientific institutions, food and beverage processing, petrochemical laboratories, pharmaceutical industry, medical industry, manufacturers, dairies, breweries, and distilleries.
H-B Instrument™ Durac™ Aquarium Thermometers
Available as either submersible or floating type
H-B Instrument™ Easy-Read™ Environmentally Friendly Liquid-In-Glass Tank Thermometers
Cup holds liquid sample for effortless reading
H-B Instrument™ Durac™ Asphalt Test Thermometer
Fluoropolymer coating on safety bulb resists cutting action
H-B Instrument™ Durac™ Bi-Metallic Thermometers: 25mm Dial
Bi-Metallic thermometers with 2.5% or 2° accuracy—ideal for measuring temperatures in pipes, griddles and hot plates
H-B Instrument™ Easy-Read™ Thermometers
Non-toxic, biodegradable, Enviro-Safe™ liquid, against yellow back glass provides easy readability and fewer reading errors.